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热射病（HS）又称为重症中暑，是热相关疾病中情况最危急的一种，具有起病急、发展快、病情凶险、病死率高等特点。HS的发生发展与炎症、氧化应激、细胞死亡、凝血功能障碍等病理生理过程密切相关。随着HS的致病机制被逐渐发现，一些靶向其分子调控通路的药物或治疗方法已显示出临床应用前景。本文旨在概述HS的类型、致病机制、临床前及临床相关治疗策略的研究进展，并突出HS相关的生物标志物和治疗靶点的临床应用潜力，以期为HS的临床治疗提供参考。

Heat stroke (HS), also known as severe sunstroke, is one of the most serious heat-related disorders, characterized by rapid onset, rapid progression, aggressive condition, and high morbidity and mortality. The occurrence and development of HS are closely related to pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, and coagulation failure. With the gradual discovery of the pathogenic mechanisms of HS, some drugs or therapeutic approaches targeting its molecular regulatory pathways have shown clinical promise. This review intends to provide an overview of research advances in HS types, pathogenic mechanisms, preclinical and clinically relevant therapeutic strategies, as well as to highlight the potential clinical applications of HS-related biomarkers and therapeutic targets with a view to informing the clinical management of HS.